what is the radius of the earth in meters

If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. Advertisement. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. Exponential or Scientific Notation: It is easier to write very large numbers such as 100,000,000 as 10 8 (1 followed by 8 0s). is the eccentricity of the earth. Skip to main content. [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. That's between 28 and 29 Earths. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. The value for the polar radius in this section has been rounded to the nearest 0.1m, which is expected to be adequate for most uses. Have your partner do the same in her location. The polar circumference equals Cp=4mp, four times the quarter meridian mp=aE(e), where the polar radius b enters via the eccentricity, e=(1b2/a2)0.5; see Ellipse#Circumference for details. Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. Therefore, if the earth is taken to be a two dimensional object, its perimeter would be equal to the. The planet bulges at the equator as a result of its rotation. First week only $6.99! See the formula used in an example where we are given the diameter of the sphere. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. Solution Verified ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. , Strictly speaking, spheres are the only solids to have radii, but broader uses of the term radius are common in many fields, including those dealing with models of Earth. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? In the modern age, satellites often provide the most accurate and current information through global imaging. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Q4. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. What you need is to convert a meter into degrees since long/lat is a polar coordinate system.With the circumference of Earth being 40,075 km, you get 0.00000898315 deg/m which you need to multiply with the size of the object (1 m) to get the degrees which you have to add to your coordinate to get a point which intersects with the radius of . You have to find the circumference. The radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. Its mean density is 1410 kg/m 3 or 0.255 times the mean density of Earth. Now, lets plug in some numbers. What is the permiter of the Earth? This topographical average is 6,371.230km (3,958.899mi) with uncertainty of 10m (33ft).[16]. , The reason for keeping those older values was GPS. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. is normal to the surface at find the radius of mars. for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. 06. Hence 1km=10001000m=10m 6. One reason that our program is so strong is that our . This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. The orbit is not a perfect circle. A A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 F Q. Therefore, the distance you use in the equation is the distance between the two orbiting bodies. Also, explore tools to convert Earths equatorial radius or meter to other length units or learn more about length conversions. {\displaystyle w^{1}=\varphi } {\displaystyle r+dr} How do you find the radius of the earth from the circumference? It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. B This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. This is the radius that Eratosthenes measured in his arc measurement. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Geodetic ellipsoids are better suited to regional idiosyncrasies of the geoid. 191 mi) at the equator. Because the Earth isnt perfectly spherical but instead an oblate spheroid, our planet radius is larger in the equator than in the rods. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? The size of a frictional force is given by F, start subscript, f, end subscript, is less than or equal to, mu, R,FfR where R is the magnitude of the normal reaction force between the two surfaces and is the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. 2 MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration. Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The structure of the Earths upper mantle can be derived from seismic waves. NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. You must measure the angle of shadows in the two locations at the exact same time on the exact same day or the calculations will be erroneous. And we divide that by Pi times 9.00 centimeters written as meters so centi is prefix meaning ten times minus two and we square that diameter. Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). On solving the circumference of the earth we get 39,350 kilometres. Radius refers to a line that connects to the centre point of a circle to any point on its outside layer. What is the number in scientific notation? Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. Its SIunit is m/s2. The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). In scientific notation, the radius of the earth in meters is equal to 6.37106 meters or approximately 6.4106 meters, and 6378100 or approximately 6370000 in standard form. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. Where K is the Gaussian curvature, This idea predates satellite-based geodesy by centuries. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. [e] For the Earth .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1/q 289, which is close to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298.257. How many meters is the earth? Surveyors today use a variety of instruments and calculations to determine the size of the Earth and collect other relevant data. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The first and second radii of curvature correspond, respectively, to the Earth's meridional and prime-vertical radii of curvature. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Rotation of a planet causes it to approximate an oblate ellipsoid/spheroid with a bulge at the equator and flattening at the North and South Poles, so that the equatorial radius a is larger than the polar radius b by approximately aq. Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. January 2023: The Next Full Moon is the Wolf or Ice Moon. A Just how much is really a trillion in scientific notation? Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. The red dot at the lower left corner is its center. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. det In 1993 the WGS84 governing committee voted, with one exception, to retain the 1984 defining values, despite improvements to those defining values. The adolescent protagonists of the sequence, Enrique and Rosa, are Arturos son and , The payout that goes with the Nobel Prize is worth $1.2 million, and its often split two or three ways. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. It is a physical constant which represents the most probable distance between the electron and the nucleus in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. How do you find the acceleration of a system? As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. Created by Sal Khan and Monterey Institute for Technology and Education. | example R = earthRadius (lengthUnit) returns the mean radius of the Earth using the length unit specified by lengthUnit. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. So, for him the following relationship between objects will apply: 7.2 / 360 = 787 / x. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Since the earth's surface is 6.37 x 10 6 m from its center (that's the radius of the earth), the satellite must be a height of. Has got the radius of Earth mysteriously grown by about 3%? Above we see an object with mass m attached to a spring. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. Circumference of Earth is the length or the distance around the Earth. The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. So if you measure at 11:00am in New York, they should measure at 9:00am in Colorado because of the time difference. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} {\displaystyle R_{2}} Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. Literature guides . to the plane tangent at Eratosthenes, the ancient Greek scholar is called the father of geography. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. = Each of the models in common use involve some notion of the geometric radius. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \varphi }}} Exercises. His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. University of Texas: Eratosthenese Finds Diameter of Earth, Partner in a distant location on about the same longitude or in the same time zone. 01 Earths equatorial radius63781. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. T he circumference of the Earth (around the equator) is approximately 24,887 miles. N These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Venus is included with a thick, quickly spinning atmosphere, developing a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead along with a surface pressure 90 occasions those of Earth. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. How did Aristotle know the earth was round? The geocentric radius is the distance from the Earth's center to a point on the spheroid surface at geodetic latitude : where a and b are, respectively, the equatorial radius and the polar radius. This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. A consequence is that a distance to the true horizon at the equator is slightly shorter in the northsouth direction than in the eastwest direction. Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. Q4. Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. . Physics, 22. = h is the transmitting antenna height above the ground,. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. Historically, these models were based on regional topography, giving the best reference ellipsoid for the area under survey. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Radius of planet R = 2 x radius of earth = 2 x 6.4 x 10 6 m. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 /kg 2. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earths surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. For information on the Earth, see the Earth Fact Sheet. Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. less than 6400 km. The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. Step 3 of 5. Point on the ellipsoid surface can be defined by the parametric curve equation. Putting in the numbers, you have Dividing both sides by m1 gives you the acceleration due to gravity: Newton's law of gravitation gives you the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth: 9.8 meters/second 2. Multiplyin. Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. . Earth's volume is estimated at 1 trillion cubic kilometers. The equatorial circumference is simply the circle perimeter: Ce=2a, in terms of the equatorial radius, a. a) The diameter of the earth is approximately 1.276 1 0 7 1.276 \times 10^7 1.276107 m in scientific notation. The accelerationwhich is gained by an object because of gravitational forceis called its acceleration due to gravity. The radius of the Earth, re, is about 6.38 10 6 meters, and the mass of the Earth is 5.98 10 24 kilograms. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Point B, which appears due east from A, will be closer to the equator than A. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). Hence the required distance is. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Gravitational attraction from the Moon or Sun can cause the Earth's surface at a given point to vary by tenths of a meter over a nearly 12-hour period (see Earth tide). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. So, radius of nth orbit is rn=rn2, as Z=1 for H atom. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. x Calculating Earths Volume Averaging these two numbers yields a mean radius of 6,371.0 kilometers (3,958.7 miles), which in turn yields an approximate value for the volume of the Earth of 1.08 quadrillion cubic kilometers (259 trillion cubic miles). When it's closest, the Moon is 225,623 miles away. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. The core is found about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) below Earth's surface, and has a radius of about 3,485 kilometers (2,165 miles). r Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. [2] The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. As an example, we will use Eratosthenes situation. Similarly very small numbers are written using negative exponents, e. The very first printed mention of Earths size made an appearance around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in the book Around the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had suspected the circumference of the world to become 400,000 stadia. Earth radius conversions Convert Earth radius to other length and distance measurement units using a free online calculator for length/distance unit conversions. Here x is the circumference of the earth. cos E Ocean Worlds Resources. Around 100BC, Posidonius of Apamea recomputed Earth's radius, and found it to be close to that by Eratosthenes,[23] but later Strabo incorrectly attributed him a value about 3/4 of the actual size. The height above sea level of the location is added. [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } c = 3108m/s of light? 1 Earths equatorial radius637816 m1 Earths equatorial radius6378160 m2 Earths equatorial radius12756320 m3 Earths equatorial radius19134480 m5 Earths equatorial radius31890800 m10 Earths equatorial radius63781600 m20 Earths equatorial radius127563200 m50 Earths equatorial radius318908000 m100 Earths equatorial radius637816000 m1000 Earths equatorial radius6378160000 mHow to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter1 Earths equatorial radius = 6378160 m1 m = 1. Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). r The circumference of the Earth depends on how it is measured. Note that this arc is along a great circle. r = 39350/ 6.28 = 6267 kilometer. However, for purposes of uniformity and use in geophysics and astronomy, the nominal earth radius is used, which is about 6, 371 km. A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each of length 3.4 mm from the central shaft to the blade tip. The tropical radius of the world (or semi-major axis) is all about 6,378 km (3,963 miles or 3,444 maritime miles), as the polar radius of the world (or semi-minor axis) is all about 6,357 km (3,950 miles or 3,432 maritime miles). 2 Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. How do you express the earths diameter in scientific notation? , over the surface of the ellipsoid. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km. About Earth radiusThe Earth radius, or even the radius of the world, may be the distance from the middle of our planet towards the surface. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". New Arrivals Expand Space Stations Crew to 6. (b) Repeat part (a) with the sun in place of the earth. Earth radius (denoted as R or What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a 9.00 cm diameter carrying 80.0 l of water per second? Earth radius Conversion conversion table Earth radius to Meters Conversion Table Meters [ m ] where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii: The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:[14]. Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? Your partner should measure at the same time, regardless of time difference. More than 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes compared the position of the Suns rays in two locations to calculate the spherical size of the Earth with reasonable accuracy. E z That's almost 32 Earths. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field, NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, "Discover-TheWorld.com Guam POINTS OF INTEREST Don't Miss Mariana Trench", "Mean radius, mass, and inertia for reference Earth models", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_radius&oldid=1138658294, WGS-84 ellipsoid, polar radius of curvature (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Mean radius of semi-axes (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Area (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Volume (, meridional radius of curvature at the equator, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43. nasa.gov. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7.2 degrees.